常见医学名词中英文对照表——骨伤科学

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中文名称英文名称
中医骨伤科orthopedics and traumatology of TCM
骨先天性畸形congenital bone malformation
骨痈疽Carbuncle of the bone(pyogenic infection of the bone and joint)
骨/关节结核Tuberculosis of the bone and joint
骨关节痹症osteoarticular Bi-syndrome
骨关节退行性疾病osteoarticular degenerative disease
病因病机Etiology and Pathogenesis
密质骨/松质骨compact bone and spongy bone
成角移位angulation displacement
侧方移位lateral displacement
缩短移位shortened displacement
分离移位separation displacement
旋转移位rotation displacement
单纯/复杂/不完全/完全骨折simple/complicated/incomplete/complete fracture
横断/斜形/嵌插/压缩/裂缝/青枝骨折 transverse/oblique/spiral/comminuted/   impacted/compression/fissured/greenstick fra
稳定/不骨折stable/unstable fracture
新鲜骨折/陈旧骨折 fresh/old fracture
外伤骨折/病理骨折 traumatic /pathological fracture
骨髓炎,败血症 esteomyelitis  hematosepsis
缺血性肌痉挛ischemic muscular contracture
周围神经损伤peripheral nerve injury
损伤性骨化(骨化性肌炎)traumatic ossification (ossifying myositis)
迟发性畸形delayed deformity
损伤性骨化traumatic ossification
撕脱骨折Avulsed fracture
关节内游离体intracapsular corpus liberum
老鼠骨joint mouse
关节软骨面退行性病变retrograde degeneration of articular cartilage surface
先天发育缺陷congenital aplasia
听骨擦音bony crepitus is one of the special signs of fracture
听入臼声the sound entering-the-cotyle click
听筋伤声the sound of tendon injury
关节摩擦音rub of joint
腱鞘炎及肌腱周围炎摩擦音rub in tenosynovitis and perimyotenositis
捻发声twirling a hair
关节弹响声snapping sound of joint
听创伤皮下气肿声listening to sound of traumatic subcutaneous emphysema
屈伸旋转flex, extend, rotate,
健侧/患侧 healthy/affected joint
中立位neutral position
前屈anteflexion
后伸retroflexion
左右侧屈left or right retroflexion
左右旋转left or right turn
外展内收abduction/adduction
内旋/外旋 旋前(掌心向下)旋后(掌心向上)intorsion/extorsion Pronation(palm downward) supination(palm upward)
背伸掌屈桡偏尺偏dorsoflexion / palmflexion  radial   deviation/ulnar deviation Neck/waist/shoulder/elbow/wrist/hip/kne
头顶扣击试验percussion test of the vertex
椎间孔压缩试验compression test of intervertebral foramen
深呼吸试验deep respiratory test
挺胸试验test of throwing out chest
胸廓挤压试验squeezing and pressing test of thorax
屈颈试验flexing test of neck
颈静脉压迫试验pressure test of jugular veins
直腿抬高足背伸加强试验intensive raising of the straightened leg
腰骶关节试验test of lumbosacral articulation
骨盆挤压与分离试验pressure and separation test of pelvis
肩关节疼痛弧试验test of pain arc of shoulder
冈上肌腱断裂试验rupture test of supraspinatus tendon
肱二头肌腱抗阻试验test of resisitence of tendon of brachial biceps
肘三角Cubital trangle
髋关节过伸试验test of hyperextension of hip joint
下肢短缩试验test of shortened leg
蛙式试验test of frog posture
股骨头大粗隆位置的测量measurement of position of greater tuberosity of head of femur
膝关节侧向试验test of sideways movement of knee joint
挺髌试验test of traction of patella
回旋挤压试验rotating and squeezing test
研磨提拉试验triturating and pulling test
足内、外翻试验 test of twisting ankle inward and outward
攻下逐淤法eliminating stasis by purging
行气活血法activating qi and promoting blood circulation
清热凉血法clearing away heat and cooling blood
和营止痛法harmonizing the nutrient qi to alleviate pain
接骨续筋法reuniting bone and muscle and ligament
舒筋活络法relaxing tendons and activating collaterals
补养脾胃法strengthening the spleen and stomach
温经通络法warming meridians and activating collaterals
敷贴药dressing medicine
药膏herbal paste
药散herbal powder
搽擦药smearing and rubbing medicine
湿敷药wet-packing medicine
熏洗药fumigating and bathing medicine
热熨药hot compress medicine
简单热熨药simple hot compress medicine
熨药compress medicine
正骨基础手法basic manipulations in bone-setting
折顶bending and apposing
端提holding and lifting
捺正pressing reposition
分骨bone-separation
屈伸flexion and extension
纵压longitudinal pressure
理筋基础手法basic manipulations in tendon-smoothing
轻度按摩手法gentle massage
深度按摩手法deep massage
拔络法poking tendon
拿捏法grasping and pinching manipulation
屈伸法flexion and extension
旋转摇晃法rotation and swaying
腰部背伸法dorsiflexion of waist
按压与踩跷法pressing and stamping manipulation
夹板固定splintage
托板supporting board
衬垫外套lining pad and coat
压垫pad for pressing
压垫的类型types of pad
平垫flat pad
塔形垫pagoda-like pad
梯形垫ladder-like pad
高低垫uneven pad
抱骨垫bone-holding pad
葫芦垫calabash-like pad
横垫transverse pad
合骨垫bone-joining pad
分骨垫bone-separating pad
布托牵引traction with cloth band
枕颌牵引occipitomandibular traction
骨盆兜悬吊固定suspension fixation with pelvic bag
骨盆牵引pelvic traction
四肢骨牵引limb traction
前屈后伸antiflexion and retroextension
左右侧屈left and right flexion
左右回旋left and right circle rotation
拱桥式arch-bridge-like exercise
飞燕式flying-swallow-like exercise
弯腰划圈bending waist and drawling circle
内外运旋inward and outward rotation
上肢回环upper limb rotation
手指爬墙finger climbing wall
箭步云手hand waving on bow step
肘部屈伸flexion and extension of elbow
手拉滑车hand pulling pulley
前臂旋转rotating foream
抓空握拳grasping about and palmar flexion
背伸掌屈dorsal extension and palmar flexion
手滚圆球finger trunding balls
举屈蹬腿kicking with heel
旋转摇膝rotating knee
踝部伸屈extension and flexion of ankle
足踝旋转rotating ankle
搓滚舒筋rubbing and rolling
蹬车活动pedaling exercise
以身带腿moving body to drive leg
各论specific discussions
桡、尺骨干双骨折fracture of shafts of radius and ulna
桡骨下端骨折fracture of distal end of radius
胫、腓骨干骨折 fracture of shafts of tibia and fibula
胸、腰椎压缩性骨折compression fracture of thoracolumbar vertebrae
小儿桡骨头半脱位infantile subluxation of head of radius
桡骨茎突腱鞘炎tenosynovitis of styloid process of radius
屈指肌腱腱鞘炎tenosynovitis of flexor digitorum
膝关节侧副韧带损伤injury of collateral ligament of knee joint
髌骨劳损strain of patella
颈部扭挫伤neck sprain and contusion
腰部扭挫伤lumbar sprain and contusion
腰部劳损lumbar strain
退行性关节炎degenerative arthritis
胫骨结节骨骺炎epiphysitis of tibial tuberosity
面色苍白或萎黄pale and sallow complexion
跟腱破裂Ankle: Ruptured Achilles Tendon
踝部扭伤Ankle: Sprain
无菌的骨疽Aseptic Necrosis
怎样处理背痛问题Back Pain: Approach to Management
预防背痛Back Pain: Prevention
贝勾氏囊Baker's Cyst
姆趾黏液囊肿大Bunions
脊椎压迫性骨折Compression Fracture of the Vertebrae
高尔夫球肘Elbow: Golfer's Elbow
纤维组织肌痛Fibromyalgia
足底筋膜炎Foot: Plantar Fasciitis
脚溃疡Foot: Ulcers
脚部骨折Fracture: Bones in the Foot
骨折的种类Fracture Types
凝肩Frozen Shoulder
手骨折Hand Fracture
手部腱鞘滑膜炎Hand: Tenosynoritis
脚跟骨刺和发炎Heel Spurs
椎间盆后凸Herniated Disk
髋关节和膝关节置换手术Hip and Knee Replacement
髋部骨折Hip Fracture
感染性关节炎Infectious Arthritis
膝关节炎Knee: Arthritis
膝关节痛Knee: Joint Pain
跑步者膝盖Knee: Runner's Knee
膝韧带撕裂Knee: Torn Ligaments
半月板软骨撕裂Knee: Torn Meniscus Cartilage
劳损 、退化与膝盖关节炎Knee Pain: Injury, Degeneration & Arthritis
膝关节痛与鞋子Knee Pain and Shoes
膝关节置换术:手术舒缓痛楚Knee Replacement: Surgery Can Relieve Pain 
小腿抽筋Leg Cramps
腰椎盆脱出Lumbar Herniated Disc
莫耳通氏神经瘤Morton Neuroma
肌肉萎缩症Muscular Dystrophy
颈骨性关节炎Neck: Osteoarthritis
撞车引致的颈部扭伤Neck: Whiplash Injury
颈部僵硬Neck: Wry Neck
骨关节炎(退化性关节炎)Osteoarthritis  (退化性关节炎)
肋与软骨炎Ribs & Cartilage Inflammation
治疗法RICE Therapy RICE
胫纤维发炎Shin Splints
肩脱位Shoulder: Dislocation
轴转肌撕裂Shoulder: Rotator Cuff Tear
肩部腱炎和囊炎Shoulder: Tendinitis & Caspulitis
腿、踝或脚肿胀Swollen Legs, Ankles, or Feet 
腱炎Tendinitis, Tenosynovitis and Bursitis 
[解]髁的condylar 
身体的同侧的ipsilateral
用关节连接, 接合articulate 
[解]滑膜synovium 
假体的,修复的prosthetic ①;②
裂开dehiscence
支持带的, 韧带的retinacular 
[化]聚乙烯polyethene 
膝状的:弯曲如膝的geniculate 
碎屑:积累的碎片、废物debris 
髋臼的,腹吸盘的acetabular ①;②
讨论会SYMPOSIUM
射线透射的radiolucent
预备的,初步的preliminary 
钴铬合金cobalt chrome alloy
saw
矢状的,前后向的sagittal
连续的,联贯的consecutive 
腓骨的,腓侧的peroneal 
圆凿, 沟, 以刨gouge 
神经节,腱鞘囊肿ganglia 
脊椎关节强硬spondylosis
椎骨钩突的uncovertebral
骨刺①,骨距,距状刺;②金属突出片spurs 
神经根病radiculopathy
有辨识力的, 有差别的discriminatory   
①预后的:就预后提供指征的;②预后性征状:可用以判断症状或体征prognostic 
轴下的subaxial
[医]骨赘osteophyte 
楼梯式的stepwise   
[医]脊髓软化myelomalacia 
骨突的:属于骨突或具有骨突性质的apophyseal 
颈动脉的carotid
骨钳, 咬rongeur 
curette[]刮匙,刮器
成为素因的;有患病倾向的predisposing 
股骨的, 大腿骨的, 大腿的, [解]股动脉femoral   
[解]髂骨的, 回肠的iliac  
采取harvest 
连续的,联贯的consecutive   
赶出, 移动dislodgment 
悲惨的, 灾难的catastrophic   
重插管〔法〕:拔管后重新插管reintubation 
小心翼翼的meticulous
滑动, 滑移, 滑程slippage 
重复的, 反复性的repetitive   
弧矢的,矢状的,径向的sagittal 
使成角, 有角的部位angulation 
单板,层laminae 〔lamina〕
[解]硬脑(脊)膜dura (=dura mater)
项,颈背的:属于颈或颈的背侧的nuchal 
侧块lateral mass
旋前的,伏的,俯的:脸朝下伏卧prone 另见pronation  
伴行的;伴发的;副的concomitant 
椎间孔切开术:切除椎间孔顶的手术,以解除对神经根的压迫foraminotomy 
椎骨关节面切除术facetectomy
向头侧cephalad
到处存在的, (同时)普遍存在的ubiquitous   
使痛苦, 折磨afflict 
[化]含水的,与水结合的hydrated   
[生化]蛋白聚糖,蛋白多糖proteoglycans 
[解]终板endplates 
隐袭的:发展渐进且不明显而难以捉摸的insidious 
脊髓,X线〔造影〕照片myelogram 
[拉]背的,背侧的dorsalis 
麻醉的,催眠的narcotic   
吸收性明胶海绵Gelfoam (absorbable gelatin sponge)
医原性的Iatrogenic
①掌的;②跖的:同plantar;③掌侧的:指前臂、腕、手的屈面volar 
①掌的;②掌骨metacarpal 
捣碎的,粉碎的:如粉碎性骨折comminuted 


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