常见医学名词中英文对照表——呼吸病学

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中文名称英文名称
自发通气spontaneous ventilation
缺氧hypoxia
乳糜胸chylothorax
肺病学pulmonology
感冒common cold
成人型呼吸窘迫综合征adult respiratory distress syndrome
睡眠呼吸暂停综合征sleep apnea syndrome
特发性纵隔炎idiopathic mediastinitis
纵隔气肿mediastinal emphysema
肺不张pulmonary atelectasis
咳嗽-晕厥综合征cough-syncope syndrome
桶状胸barrel chest
克勒尼希峡Kronig isthmus
触觉语颤tactile fremitus
支气管呼吸音bronchial breathing sound
管性呼吸音tubular breathing sound
附加音adventitious sound
鼾音sonorous rhonchi
用力肺活量forced vital capacity
最大呼气流量-容积曲线maximal expiratory flow-volume curve
最大吸气流量-容积曲线maximal inspiratory flow-volume curve
50%肺活量最大呼气流量maximal expiratory flow in 50% vital capacity
25%肺活量最大呼气流量maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity
等流量容积volume of isoflow
高氧血hyperoxemia
低氧血hypoxemia
高碳酸血hypercapnia
低碳酸血hypocapnia
空气滞留air trapping
通气分布不均maldistribution of ventilation
机械通气mechanical ventilation
人工通气artificial ventilation
雾化疗法nebulization therapy
气溶胶吸入疗法aerosol therapy
体位引流postural drainage
手控通气manual ventilation
气管内给药法intratracheal medication
支原体肺炎mycoplasma pneumonia
衣原体肺炎chlamydia pneumonia
支气管肺炎bronchopneumonia
间质性肺炎interstitial pneumonia
细支气管炎bronchiolitis
单纯性肺嗜酸细胞浸润症simple pulmonary eosinophilia
迁延性肺嗜酸细胞浸润症prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia
热带性肺嗜酸细胞浸润症tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
哮喘性肺嗜酸细胞浸润症asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia
外源性变应性肺泡炎extrinsic allergic alveolitis
农民肺farmer lung
蘑菇肺mushroom worker disease
卡塔格内综合征Kartagener syndrome
家族性肺间质纤维化familial pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
组织细胞增多症Xhistiocytosis X
药物性肺病drug-induced pulmonary disease
弥漫性肺间质纤维化diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
胸膜炎pleurisy
创伤性气胸traumatic pneumothorax
自发性气胸spontaneous pneumothorax
张力性气胸tension pneumothorax
血胸hemothorax
自发性血胸spontaneous hemothorax
支气管胸膜瘘bronchopleural fistula
胸膜休克pleural shock
纵隔疝hernia of mediastinum
肺萎陷pulmonary collapse
中叶综合征middle lobe syndrome
肺动静脉瘘pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
特发性肺动脉扩张idiopathic pulmonary arterial dilation
sputum
胸膜痛pleuritic pain
呼吸困难dyspnea
喘鸣stridor
鼻翼扇动flaring of alaenasi
库斯莫尔呼吸Kussmaul respiration
比奥呼吸Biot respiration
肺泡呼吸音vesicular breathing sound
支气管肺泡呼吸音bronchovesicular breathing sound
断续性呼吸音cogwheel breathing sound
胸膜摩擦音pleuritic rub
呼吸频率respiratory frequency
气体浓度分数fraction concentration of gas
气传导率conductance
血量volume of blood
血流量blood flow
换气比值respiratory exchange ratio
肺活量vital capacity
深吸气量inspiratory capacity
功能残气量functional residual capacity
肺一氧化碳弥散量diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of lung
肺氧弥散量diffusion capacity for oxygen of lung
呼吸力学mechanics of breathing
肺毛细血管血氧分压pulmonary capillary partial pressure of oxygen
通气不足hypoventilation
通气机ventilator
容积转换型通气机volume-cycled ventilator
时间转换型通气机time-cycled ventilator
手控呼吸器manual respirator
控制通气controlled ventilation
容积控制通气加叹气volume controlled ventilation-sigh
压力控制通气pressure controlled ventilation
辅助通气assisted ventilation
蔗尘肺bagassosis
肺脓肿lung abscess
支气管软化bronchomalacia
脓气胸pyopneumothorax
肺动脉异常起源或发育异常abnormal origin or developmental abnormaly of pulmonary artery
肺静脉闭塞性疾病pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
容积控制通气volume controlled ventilation
哨笛音sibilant rhonchi
肺泡气alveolar gas
第一秒用力呼气量forced expiratory volume in first second
第一秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量百分率percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second to forced vital   capacity
高频喷射通气high frequency jet ventilation
高频震荡high frequency oscillation
高频胸壁压迫high frequency chest wall compression
氧疗oxygen therapy
持续低流量给氧continuous administration of low flow oxygen
鼻导管给氧nasal catheter oxygen inhalation
哮鸣wheeze
肺真菌病pulmonary mycosis
肺组织胞浆菌病pulmonary histoplasmosis
肺过敏性脉管炎pulmonary hypersensitivity vasculitis
弥漫[性]阻塞性肺气肿diffuse obstructive pulmonary emphysema
肺泡蛋白沉着症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
纵隔炎mediastinitis
哮吼croup
感染性肺动脉瘤infected pulmonary aneurysm
发绀cyanosis
肺活检lung biopsy
气体容积gas volume
每分通气量minute ventilation volume
无效腔dead space
动脉血arterial blood
毛细血管血capillary blood
分流shunt
静脉血venous blood
混合静脉血mixed venous blood
肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space
生理无效腔physiological dead space
肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation
最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation
用力呼气中段流量forced expiratory flow during middle half of FVC
呼气流量峰值peak expiratory flow
动脉-静脉血氧含量差arterio-venous oxygen content difference
通气与血流灌注比值ventilation/perfusion ratio
肺生理分流量physiological pulmonary shunt
肺解剖分流量anatomical pulmonary shunt
肺动脉血分流量占心排出量比值ratio of blood flow through the shunts to cardiac output
生理无效腔占潮气量比值ratio of physiological dead space to tidal volume
静脉血掺杂venous admixture
比顺应性specific compliance
频率依赖顺应性frequency dependent compliance
肺弹性elastance of lung
气道传导率airway conductance
比气道传导率specific airway conductance
呼吸功work of breathing
动脉血氧分压arterial partial pressure of oxygen
动脉血氧饱和度arterial oxygen saturation
碱过剩base excess
动脉血-肺泡气氮分压差arterial-alveolar N#-[2] _ difference
通气过度hyperventilation
压力转换型通气机pressure-cycled ventilator
湿化祛痰humidification expectorant
环甲膜穿刺thyrocricoid puncture
脓胸empyema
细菌性肺炎bacterial pneumonia
肺炎性假瘤pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor
支气管哮喘bronchial asthma
特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
高压氧疗hyperbaric oxygen therapy
湿化疗法humidity therapy
支气管肺泡灌洗bronchoalveolar lavage
人工呼吸artificial respiration
间歇正压通气intermittent positive pressure ventilation
间歇负压通气intermittent negative pressure ventilation
流行性胸痛epidemic pleurodynia
病毒性肺炎viral pneumonia
肺孢子虫病pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
放射性肺炎radiation pneumonia
内源性类脂性肺炎endogenous lipoid pneumonia
外源性类脂性肺炎exogenous lipoid pneumonia
机化性肺炎organized pneumonia
吸入性肺炎aspiration pneumonitis
化学性肺炎chemical pneumonitis
大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia
气管炎tracheitis
气管支气管炎tracheobronchitis
支气管炎bronchitis
特发性肺间质纤维化idiopathic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
咳嗽cough
咳痰expectoration
咯血hemoptysis
解剖无效腔anatomical dead space
等压点equal pressure point
气道阻力airway resistance
下游气道阻力downstream resistance
上游气道阻力upstream resistance
肺阻力lung resistance
呼吸阻力respiratory resistance
阻塞性通气障碍obstructive ventilatory disorder
限制性通气障碍restrictive ventilatory disorder
混合性通气障碍mixed ventilatory disorder
通气与血流灌注比值失调ventilation/perfusion mismatching
弥散障碍diffusion disorder
肺泡通气过度alveolar hyperventilation
肺泡通气不足alveolar hypoventilation
呼吸过度hyperpnea
呼吸不足hypopnea
流行性感冒influenza
休克型肺炎pneumonia with shock
纤维蛋白性支气管炎fibrinous bronchitis
纤维闭塞性细支气管炎bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans
支气管扩张bronchiectasis
外源性哮喘extrinsic asthma
内源性哮喘intrinsic asthma
哮喘持续状态status asthmaticus
变应性支气管肺曲菌病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
局限[性]阻塞性肺气肿local obstructive pulmonary emphysema
气肿性肺大疱emphysematous bulla
非心源性肺水肿non cardiogenic pulmonary edema
肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary thromboembolism
肺梗死pulmonary infarction
支气管源性囊肿bronchogenic cyst
支气管软骨缺损bronchial cartilage deficiency
肺隔离症pulmonary sequestration
肺大疱bullae
胸膜下疱pleural bleb
肺出血肾炎综合秸Goodpasture syndrome
结节病sarcoidosis
肺泡微结石症pulmonary alveolar microlithia- sis
黏液黏稠病mucoviscidosis
呼吸衰竭respiratory failure
单侧透明肺综合征unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome
肥胖通气低下综合征obesity-hypoventilation syndrome
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停obstructive sleep apnea
中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停centric sleep apnea
混合性睡眠呼吸暂停mixed sleep apnea
胸腔积液pleural effusion
胆固醇性胸腔积液cholesterol pleural effusion
蜂窝肺honeycomb lung
慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
端坐呼吸orthopnea
呼吸急促tachypnea
呼吸过慢bradypnea
反常呼吸paradoxical breathing
潮式呼吸Cheyne-Stokes respiration
捻发音crepitus
听觉语音vocal resonance
耳语音whispered pectoriloquy
纤维支气管镜检查fiberoptic bronchoscopy
动脉血气分析arterial blood gas analysis
克韦姆试验Kveim test
肺功能检查pulmonary function test
弥散量diffusing capacity
血液中血红蛋白饱和度saturation of Hb in the blood phase
呼出气expired gas
终末潮气end tidal gas
吸入气inspired gas
潮气量tidal volume
补吸气量inspiratory reserve volume
补呼气量expiratory reserve volume
残气量residual volume
肺总量total lung capacity
闭合容积closing volume
闭合容量closing capacity
肺泡气-动脉血氧分压差alveolar-arterial oxygen difference
动脉血-肺泡气二氧化碳分压差arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide difference
肺顺应性lung compliance
胸壁顺应性chest wall compliance
动态肺顺应性dynamic lung compliance
静态肺顺应性static lung compliance
肺弹性回缩压lung elastic recoil pressure
动脉血二氧化碳分压arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide
标准碱过剩standard base excess
实际碳酸氢根actual bicarbonate radical
实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate
标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate
缓冲碱buffer base
二氧化碳总含量total carbon dioxide content
血氧饱和度50%时氧分压oxygen half-saturation pressure of hemoglobin
压力辅助通气pressure assisted ventilation
连续气道正压通气continuous positive airway pressure
呼气末正压通气positive end expiratory pressure
高频正压通气high frequency positive pressure ventilation
面罩给氧mask oxygen inhalation
每升肺泡容积的一氧化碳弥散量diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide per liter of alveolar volume
肺弥散diffusion of lung
同步间歇指令通气synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
持续正压呼吸continuous positive pressure breathing
高频通气high frequency ventilation
实际碱过剩actual base excess
氢离子浓度hydrogen ion concentration
充气过度hyperinflation
肺水肿pulmonary edema
哌拉西林piperacillin
克林霉素clindamycin
头孢氨噻cefotaxime
安灭菌augmetin
特美订timentin
头孢他啶ceftazidine
肺曲菌病pulmonary aspergillosis
头孢三嗪ceftriazone
军团菌病legionaires disease
葡萄球菌肺炎staphylococcal pneumonia
克雷白杆菌肺炎klebsiellar pneumonia
肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia
中枢性发热centris fever
感染性发热infective fever
限制性的limitative
FEV1/FVC比值the ratio of FEV1 to FVC   
阻塞性的obstructive
呼气流量率峰值peak expiratory flow rate
最大中期呼气流速maximal mid-expiratory flow
分钟通气量minute ventilation
肺功能实验lung function tests
通气支持ventilatory support
色甘酸二钠sodium cromoglycate
急性发作acute exacerbation
定量吸入metered dose inhaler
嗜酸粒细胞Eosinophols
气道高反应性airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)
B2激动剂B2-agonist   
直视下治疗directly observed treatment (DOT)
气道慢性炎症chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway
维持治疗maintaining treatment
复治方案犯re-treatment regimen
强化治疗intensive treatment
不规则治疗irregular treatment
收集标本collection specimen
规则治疗regular treatment
查痰sputum examination
孤立病灶isolated focus
继发耐药secondary (or acquired) resistance
涂片阴性病人smear negative cases
涂片阳性病人smear positive cases
慢性气管支气管炎chronic tracheobrochiolitis
结核性空洞tuberculosis cavity
右心室肥厚right ventricular hypertrophy
氨茶硷aminophylline
右心衰竭right ventricular failure
通气灌注失衡ventilation-perfusion imbalance
肺泡-毛细血管弥散障碍alveolar-capillary diffuse block  
碱剩余bases excess BE
血浆CO2含量total plasma CO2 content   
锁骨上窝supraclavicular fossa
肩胛间区interscapular region
肩胛上区suprascapular region
皮下气肿subcutaneous emphysema
佝偻病胸rachitic chest
酸中毒大(潮氏)(间停)呼吸kussmaul (cheyne-stokess)(biots)   
扁平胸flat chest
空瓮音amphorophony
爆裂音crackles
水泡音bubble sound
管样呼吸音tubular breath sound
过清音hyperresonance
科氏峡kronig
硬币叩击征coin sign
慢性阻塞性肺气肿chronic obstructive emphysema
肋脊角costospinal angle
直接叩诊immediate percussion
胸骨上窝suprasternal fossa
胸膜摩擦感pleural friction fremitus
间接叩诊mediate percussion
语音震颤vocal fremitus
胸廓扩张度thoracic expansion
胸骨上切迹suprasternal notch


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